Pakistan’s cotton industry faces challenges from water shortages, high input costs, and erratic weather. Experts and growers agree that research and development (R&D) efforts could help raise production levels, lower import reliance, and boost exports.
Sowing Progress and Targets
The Punjab Agriculture Department announced progress toward its target of sowing one million acres. They expect to meet this goal within the next few days. Yet, independent reports show that only about 350,000 acres have been sown early in the season. In Sindh, sowing stands at 600,000 acres, as the federal government sets a national target of 5 million acres, broken down as follows:
| Region | Sowing Target (Acres) | Reported Progress |
|---|---|---|
| Punjab | 3.2 million | Official: 1 million (target soon), Independent: 350,000 completed |
| Sindh | 1.6 million | 600,000 completed |
| Balochistan | 200,000 | Data not specified |
| National | 5 million | – |
These figures have raised concerns about the pace of sowing. Delays could impact overall cotton yields and the country’s textile industry.
Production Data from the Previous Season
Data from the 2024-2025 season show mixed results in sowing and production. In Punjab, 3.4 million acres were sown, leading to about 2.5 million bales of cotton produced. Sindh sowed 1.6 million acres and produced 2.7 million bales. High-quality extra-long staple (ELS) cotton, needed for top-notch textile production, remains in strong demand.
| Region | Acres Sown (Last Season) | Cotton Production (Bales) |
|---|---|---|
| Punjab | 3.4 million | 2.5 million |
| Sindh | 1.6 million | 2.7 million |
Challenges and Calls for R&D
Several issues affect cotton sowing:
- Water Shortages: Especially critical in Sindh, where growers are facing severe water scarcity.
- High Input Costs: Seeds and fertilizers have become costly.
- Climate Variability: Unpredictable weather hinders timely sowing and affects seed quality.
Industry experts call for more research into climate-resistant seed varieties. They believe that targeted R&D can support farmers and improve yield while helping the textile industry meet its annual need of around 12 million bales.
Leadership and Government Support
Amid these challenges, Dr. Yusuf Zafar of the Pakistan Central Cotton Committee (PCCC) has faced controversy. Critics claim a power struggle is undermining his efforts. However, his leadership has brought key reforms, including agreements that clear cotton cess payments, which bolster the sector’s financial stability.
Government support is strong. Punjab’s Chief Minister announced an incentive package for cotton sowing and production. Secretary Agriculture Punjab, Iftikhar Ali Sahoo, noted that over 3.5 million acres in Punjab will be used for cotton cultivation this season.
Conclusion
Pakistan’s cotton sector remains at a crossroads. With water shortages, high costs, and climate challenges at play, an increased focus on R&D offers a hopeful path forward. Enhanced seed varieties and better water management can help the country meet production targets and support its vital textile industry.
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